ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™

ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™, ื˜ื•ื‘-ืžื–ื’ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคื•ืจ, ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื–ืข ืื”ื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืงืฉื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ืžืžื•ืกื’ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืกืชื•ืช ืฉืžื ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื’ื•ืฉื. ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 25 ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื ืืš ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™, ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืงืžืข ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ืงืฉื•ื— ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ื™ ืจื›ืจื•ื›ื™. ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช - ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืœื™ื• ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ืœืš - ืžืชืื™ื ืœื• ืœื’ืžืจื™.

ืฉื ืจืฉืžื™: ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™

ืฉืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื: ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™, ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื–ืงืŸ, ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™

ืžืงื•ืจ: ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”

ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ
ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจื™ื•ืจ

ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“

ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื—ื? ื ืžื•ืš ืžืื•ื“
ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงืจ? ื ืžื•ืš ืžืื•ื“
ืจืžืช ื ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”? ื’ื‘ื•ื”
ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื ื‘ื™ื—ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืœื‘ื“?* ื ืžื•ืš ืžืื•ื“
ืจืžืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” (ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช) * ื ืžื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ืžื“ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช?* ื’ื‘ื•ื”
ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“ ืื—ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“

* ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“ ืœื‘ื“ ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘. ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช. ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช.

ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ืžื“ ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื–ืข; ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื–ืข ื›ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื”.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ืžื“ ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืžื—ื•ื ื›ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื ืš ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžืœื ืืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” (ื•ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”.

ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“ ืขื ื™ืœื“ ืœืœื ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”.

ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™-ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื• ืขื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื ื•ืกืฃ.

ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืœื‘ื“ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ. ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ืื• ื”ืžืืœืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.โ€ฌ

Inline Image 15
ืื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื–' ื•ืœื‘ืŸ
ื–ื›ืจ
36 cm - 38 cm ื’ื•ื‘ื”
25 kg - 30 kg ืžืฉืงืœ
ื ืงื‘ื”
1 m 66 cm - 1 m 69 cm ื’ื•ื‘ื”
23 kg - 25 kg ืžืฉืงืœ

ื’ื™ืœ ื™ื ืงื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื” ืขื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื
ื’ื™ืœ ื’ื•ืจื•ืช 2 ืขื“ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
โ€โ€ซื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชโ€ฌ ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช

ืฉื ื” ืขื“ 7 ืฉื ื™ื

ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืžืœืื” 7 ืขื“ 10 ืฉื ื™ื
ื’ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืงื ื” ืžื’ื™ืœ 10

ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืœืžืฆืœืžื”

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ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™

ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื–ืข

ืืฆื™ืœื™, ืฆื™ื™ืชืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ืœื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ื ื›ืœื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื, ื ืืžื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืงืœ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื’ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื•ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœื ืขืฆืœืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ื–ืง ืฉืœื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื›ืœื‘ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ. ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื–ืจ ืœืื•ืคื ื”, ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื?

ื’ื ื”ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืงื” ื•ืงืฆืจื”, ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื–' ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ืขื ื›ืชืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ื•ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืงืฆืช ืžื ื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฃ. ื•ืชื•ืคืคื• ื‘ืชื•ืคื™ื... ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขืจ.

ืžืฆื—ื™ืง, ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื•ื—ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ืจื’ื ื™ื: ื’ืขืจื•ืช. ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื›ื ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืื ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื–ืคืชื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžื•ืฆื“ืง.

ื”ื˜ืžืคืจืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืืžื™ืฅ, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืขื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื ืœื“ืื•ื’: ื–ื” ืจืง ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืชื ื•ืžืกืชืคืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื. ื”ืขืจื” ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช: ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืกืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืœืฉื—ื™ื™ื”. ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ื–ืง ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืœื ืžื•ืชืื ืœื’ืžื™ืขืช ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื.

ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื ืฉื™ืžื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื’ื–ืข ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฆืคืœื™, ื”ืœื•ืข ื•ื”ืืฃ ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช ืื• ืงืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™. ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื‘, ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฆื‘ ืื• ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ืœื ืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ. ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™.

ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืœ ืงื ื™ื

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ืฉืชื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™

1. ืคื ื™ื ืžืงืกื™ืžื™ื ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ

ื”ืœืกืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืื• ืงืคืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื ืžืงืกื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื’ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœื—ื•ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื ื ืœื›ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื˜ืœื™ืช ื ืงื™ื” ื•ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.

2.ย ื›ืฉื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘

ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืžืขืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื—ื•ืก ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื“ื ืื—ื“. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืขืœื™ื” ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ.

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ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื–ืข

ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื“ ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-13 ื•ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืจื™ื (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช bullbaiting - ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื•ืœื•ื—ืžื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืจื™ื - ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”"ื‘ื•ืœ" ื‘ืฉืžื), ื›ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื–ืข - ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื—ืกื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืœืกืชื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืœื”ื™ืื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ืคืœืชื• ืœืงืจืงืข. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืืกืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1835.

ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื”ื’ื–ืข ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืกืžืœ ืœืื•ืžื™. ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืคืš ืœืื”ื•ื‘, ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืงืžืข ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ื”ืงืฉื•ื—ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื”: ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืคื›ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœืงืžืข ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื•ื›ื™ื ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื”, "ื“ืŸ ื”ื ืื”", ื•ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื ื—ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื’ื–ืข ื›ืงืžืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœื›ืœื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™.

ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1890, ื•ื”ื’ื–ืข ื“ื•ืจื’ ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืžืฉืช ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.

ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ

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ืžืงืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉ ื•ืขื“ ืงืฆื” ื”ื–ื ื‘

ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™

1. ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื

ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืงืœื•ืช ืžืจื•ื—ืงื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื–ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ

2. ืจืืฉ

ืจืืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ ืขื ืžืฆื— ืฉื˜ื•ื— ืฉืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื˜ ื•ืžืขื˜ ืจื•ืคืฃ

3. ื’ื•ืฃ

ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขื•ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื’ืคื™ื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช, ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ืžืื•ื“

4. ืคืจื•ื•ื”

ืžืขื˜ื” ืฉื˜ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื™ืฉืจื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืงืคืœื™ื ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืจืคื•ื™ื™ื

5. ื–ื ื‘

ื–ื ื‘ ืงืฆืจ ื•ืžืขื•ื’ืœ

ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขื”

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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘


ืžืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื–ืข ื•ืขื“ ืœืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™

ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื“ืื’ื”

ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื•: ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื ืงืจื ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฆืคืœื™ืช, ื›ื–ื• ื”ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ื ื•ื‘ื ื—ื™ืจื™ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืกื™ื. ืงืฉื™ื™ ื ืฉื™ืžื” - ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื—ื ืื• ืงืจ ืžื“ื™ - ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื, ืื• ื›ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืื•ืžืฆืช ืžื“ื™. ื”ืจื“ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืขื ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ืขื ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ืžืชืื™ื ื•ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš.

ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืจื•ืฅ. ืจืง ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง.

ืœืžืจื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื”ื—ืกื•ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื–ืข ืฉื ื”ื ื” ืžืื™ืœื•ืฃ ืœื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ื ื”ื ื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช. ืืœ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“: ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืกื‘ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื•ืฅ ืžื”ืจ, ืจืง ืœื ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื›ืœื‘, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื’ื–ืข ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™, ืฉื’ื•ืคื• ื”ื“ื—ื•ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ 23 ืง"ื’, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.

ื’ื–ืข ืขื ืœื‘ ืจืš

ืœื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฆื‘, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื ื“ื•ืคืง ืœื ืกื“ื™ืจ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื ื“ื™ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืชืขืœืคื•ืช ื›ืฉืœื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ. ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ื ืœื˜ื˜ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืคืืœื•ื˜, ืžื•ื ืœื‘ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืœื“ (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืœื™ื“ื”). ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืฉืœื›ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ืื ื”ืŸ ืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช.

ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื›ืœื‘ ื‘ืจื™ื

ื’ื•ืจื™ื
ื‘ื•ื’ืจ
ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
  • ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™, ื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื: ื”ื’ื™ืœ, ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืจืžืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื• ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช. ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืง ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื‘, ื•ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ืžืœืื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืชืื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื›ืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืื• ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•, ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื‘. ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื—ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืชื›ื ืžื™ื ืœื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื‘. ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื. ื›ืœื‘ ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื. ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืื ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœื• ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช.
  • ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ. ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•. ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”. ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ืฉืœ ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ - ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ E - ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืืœื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ: ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืฉืœื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืกืคืง ืœื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช. ืคืจื”-ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืงื˜ื•-ืื•ืœื™ื’ื•ืกื›ืจื™ื“ื™ื, ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืื”.
  • ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฆืคืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืคืชื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ื”ืจืžื” ื•ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืœืขื™ืกื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื”ื–ืจื—ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืคืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืžื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืื– ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืชื™ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.
  • ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ื:
  • โ€โ€ซโ€โ€ซโ€โ€ซืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ืืกืคืงื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ืโ€ฌ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืชืกื™ืกื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืœื’ื–ื™ื ื•ืœืจื™ื— ืจืข ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืื”
  • ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ื ื”ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžื•ืขืฉืจืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช (ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ EPA-DHA), ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช B.
  • ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืขื ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ, ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•-EPA-DHA.
  • ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืจืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ืžื•ืขืฉืจืช ื‘ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืžื ืืŸ-ืื•ืœื™ื’ื•ืกื›ืจื™ื“ื™ื.
  • ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžืฉ, ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ืžื•ืขืฉืจืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื–ื ื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืžื™ืŸ, ื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคืจืงื™ื. โ€โ€ซื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžื–ื“ืงื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:โ€ฌ
  • ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ E ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ, ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืงื” ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช.
  • ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช, ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืžืขื˜ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืื™ ืกืคื™ืงืช ื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืจื—ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ืื‘ืฅ ื•ืžื ื’ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื•ื”
  • ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื•ื•ื™ื•ืช (ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืื’', ืฉืžืŸ ื“ื’ื™ื) ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื•ื”. ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืืœื”, ืืš ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื–ื”.
  • ืขื ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช, ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื”, ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืคืชื™ื•ืช ืœืœืกืช ืฉืœื”ื.
ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ืฉื ื•ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืžืขืœื”

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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™

ืขืฆื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—, ืื™ืœื•ืฃ ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช

Inline Image 6

ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžืชื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื–ืข ื–ื”. ืืœ ืชื˜ืขื•, ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืจื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœ-5 ืง"ืž. ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ื˜ืžื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืžื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืื ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ. ืคืจืฆื™ ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”. ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื—ื ืžื“ื™ ืื• ืงืจ ืžื“ื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ. ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืžื”, ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ืขืœ ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ื‘ื•ืจื“, ื•ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”!

Inline Image 7

ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืžื–ืœ: ื”ืคืจื•ื•ื” ื”ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื–ืข ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-10 ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจืฉื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื‘ืจืฉืช ืจื›ื” ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงืžื˜ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืคืœื’ ื’ื•ืคื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ - ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื ื‘ - ืื•ืœื ืœื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืœื›ื“ ืฉื, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคืœื™ื ืขื ืžื˜ืœื™ืช ืœื—ื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ืžื˜ืœื™ืช ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื•ื ืงื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืœื—ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื! ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™ ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืคื•ื“ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก, ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืฃ ื”ืจื’ืœ. ื•ื“ืื• ืฉื’ื ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื ืฉืžืจื•ืช ื ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช.

Inline Image 11

ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™, ืฆื™ื™ืชืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืžืื•ืคืง, ื ื”ื ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืืš ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉืžืขืช. ื”ื ื’ื–ืข ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื–ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™. ื™ืฉ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืขื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.

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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ืื ื’ืœื™

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืจืื” ืงืฉื•ื—, ื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืจืง ื”ืžืจืื”: ืœื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื™ื™ื. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-100 ืฉื ื”. ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ื•ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘.

ื”ื’ื–ืข ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื’ ื”ื ื•ื— ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ืžื•ืขืจืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื•ืงื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ื•ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ืงืจื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื•. ื”ื˜ืžืคืจืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื ื”ื“ืจ, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ื ืคืœืื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืจื’ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื“ืื’ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืก ืฉืœื”ื, ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืžื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื›ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™.

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช

1 - Veterinary Centers of America https://vcahospitals.com/

2 - ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ Royal Canin. Ed 2010 and 2020

3 - Banfield Pet Hospital https://www.banfield.com/

4 - ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ Royal Canin BHN

5 - ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ (The American Kennel Club) ื‘ืืชืจ https://www.akc.org/